Circuits

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=CIRCUIT ASSIGNMENT =

=== Area of Interaction: Environments === === Significant Concepts: Basic circuits === === Unit Question: How have circuits impacted our environments? They have made things easier to access, for instance changing the schooling environment. ===

INVESTIGATE: Define the following: Voltage: electrical potential or potential difference expressed in volts Current: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">the time<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> rate of flow of electric charge, in the<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">direction that apositive moving charge would <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">take and having magnitude equal to <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">the quantity of charge per unit time: measured in amperes. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Resistance: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"><span class="varf" style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">Also called <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ohmic resistance. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">a property of a conductorby virtue<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">of <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">which the<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> passage of current is opposed,causing electric energy<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">to be transformed <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">into heat:equal to the <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">voltage across <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">the <span style="color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">conductor <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">divided by thecurrent flowing in the <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">conductor: usually measured <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">inohms. <span class="labset" style="color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="ital-inline" style="color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: Georgia,Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">//<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">Abbreviation: // <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> R   <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Circuit: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"><span class="varf" style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">Also called <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">electric circuit. <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">the complete path of anelectric current, <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">including the generating apparatus, <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">intervening resistors, or capacitors. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Transistors: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"><span class="labset" style="color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="ital-inline" style="color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: Georgia,Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">//<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">Electronics // <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">a semiconductor device that amplifies,oscillates, or switches __<span style="color: #333333; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|the] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">flow of current between twoterminals by varying the current <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">or <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">voltage <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">between one ofthe terminals and a third: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">although <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">much smaller in sizethan a vacuum __<span style="color: #333333; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|tube] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">, <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">it <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">performs similar functions withoutrequiring current to heat a cathode. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">LEDs: Light Emitting Diodes: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">a semiconductor diode <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">that <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">emits light whenconducting current and is used in electronic equipment, especiallyfor displaying readings on digital watches, calculators, etc. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Capacitor: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">a device for accumulating and holding <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">a <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">charge of electricity<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">,<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">consisting of two equally charged conducting surfaces havingopposite signs and separated by <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">a <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">dielectric. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Resistor: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">a device designed to introduce <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">resistance <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> into an electric circuit. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Switch: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">a device for turning on or off or directing anelectric current <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">or for making or <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">breaking a circuit. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Digital Electronics: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">The <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">implementation of two-valued logic<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">using <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">electronic  logic gates<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> such as and gates<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">, or gates<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> and flip-flops<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">. <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">In such circuits <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">the logical values true and false are represented by two different voltages<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">, <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">e.g. 0V for false and +5V for true. Similarly, numbersare normally represented in binary<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> using two different voltages torepresented zero and one. <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">Digital electronics contrasts with analogue<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> electronics whichrepresents continuously varying quantities like sound pressureusing continuously varying voltages. <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">Digital electronics is the foundation <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">of <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">modern computers and digital communications<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">Massively complex digital logic circuitswith millions <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">of <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">gates can now be built onto a single integrated circuit<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> such as a microprocessor<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> and these circuits can perform millions of operations per second. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Integrated Circuit: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">a circuit <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">of transistors, <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">resistors, and capacitors constructed on asingle semiconductor wafer <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">or <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">chip, in which the<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> components areinterconnected to perform a given function. <span class="labset" style="color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="ital-inline" style="color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: Georgia,Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">//<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">Abbreviation: // <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> IC   <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Binary Code: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">a system of representing letters, numbers<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">, <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">or other characters,using binary notation. (0's and 1's)   <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">How have circuits impacted our environment? <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">They have made things easier to access, for instance changing the schooling environment.

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Go to the following site and run the circuit construction kit. The site is: <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;">[|Circuit Link]

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Using this site, answer the following questions:

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">1. Using one battery, make the light bulb work. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">a. Volts: 9 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">b. Amps: .90

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">2. Light two light bulbs with one battery. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">a. Volts: 4.5 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">b. Amps: .45

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">3. Using a switch to light one light bulb. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">a. Volts: 9 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">b. Amps: .90

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">4. Use a capacitor with your circuit. (One battery, one bulb) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">a. Volts: decreasing <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">b. Amps: always decreasing

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">5. Use an inductor in your circuit. (One battery, one bulb) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">a. Volts: always increasing <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">b. Amps: increasing

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">6. Use an AC Voltage in your circuit. What happens to the current? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">a. Volts: always changes goes up and down in readings <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">b. Amps: it gets really high in reading but then drops

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;">7. Which items in the grab bag complete the circuit? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> (One battery, one bulb) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> a. Dollar Bill - no <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> b. Paper clip - yes <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> c. Penny - yes <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> d. Eraser - no <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> e. Pencil lead - no <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> f. Hand - no <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> g. Dog - no

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> 8. Use a resistor in your circuit. (One battery, one bulb) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> a. Volts: 4.5 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> b. Amps: .45

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> 9. Add two batteries to light one light bulb. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> a. Volts: 18 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> b. Amps: 1.8

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> 10. Add three batteries to the circuit. Right click on one of the batteries <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> and change the voltage to 100%. What happens to your batteries? - they catch on fire <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> a. Volts: 117.98 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> b. Amps: 11.8

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> 11. Make your own circuit <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> a. Volts: constantly changing <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> b. Amps: constantly changing <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> c. Explain what happened with your circuit: the voltage and amplitude constantly go up and down <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"> d. Describe/draw your circuit below: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">CREATE <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Now start your circuit project. Get the materials and instruction from Ms. Bradfield.

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">EVALUATE

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Answer the Following Questions After You Complete Your Circuit: <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">1. Did you like making the circuit? yes i did it was fun to solder. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">2. What did you like the least about making the circuit? I almost burnt myself but luckily i didn't. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">3. What did you like the best about making the circuit? It worked and blinked when i wanted it to. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">4. Using complete sentences, explain how circuits can be applied in the real world. (List three) Circuits are used everywhere like in this computer I'm using. They are used to power cars and trucks engines. They also power telephones etc. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">5. Were you careful with the circuit, solder, and soldering iron? Yes i was i never burnt myself. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">6. Were you respectful and nice to other students? Yes i never destroyed their work. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">7. Did you take a picture of both your circuits and add them to this wiki page? Yes i did.

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ATTITUDE <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">1. Did you have a good attitude answering the questions? Explain: Yes they weren't that hard and I'm not a whiner. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">2. Did you have a good attitude making the circuits? Explain: Yes it was awesome and i liked how it was hands on and fun. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">3. Were you a whiny baby during the circuit unit? Explain: No as i previously stated I'm not a whiner and thought this unit was fun.